Propagule pressure and resource availability determine plant community invasibility in a temperate forest understorey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Few field experiments have examined the effects of both resource availability and propagule pressure on plant community invasibility. Two non‐native forest species, a herb and a shrub ( Hesperis matronalis and Rhamnus cathartica , respectively), were sown into 60 1‐m 2 sub‐plots distributed across three plots. These contained reconstructed native plant communities in a replaced surface soil layer in a North American forest interior. Resource availability and propagule pressure were manipulated as follows: understorey light level (shaded/unshaded), nutrient availability (control/fertilized), and seed pressures of the two non‐native species (control/low/high). Hesperis and Rhamnus cover and the above‐ground biomass of Hesperis were significantly higher in shaded sub‐plots and at greater propagule pressures. Similarly, the above‐ground biomass of Rhamnus was significantly increased with propagule pressure, although this was a function of density. In contrast, of species that seeded into plots from the surrounding forest during the growing season, the non‐native species had significantly greater cover in unshaded sub‐plots. Plants in these unshaded sub‐plots were significantly taller than plants in shaded sub‐plots, suggesting a greater fitness. Total and non‐native species richness varied significantly among plots indicating the importance of fine‐scale dispersal patterns. None of the experimental treatments influenced native species. Since the forest seed bank in our study was colonized primarily by non‐native ruderal species that dominated understorey vegetation, the management of invasions by non‐native species in forest understoreys will have to address factors that influence light levels and dispersal pathways.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".