The Cumbrae Islands: a structural Rosetta Stone in the western offshore Midland Valley of Scotland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Synopsis Although modest in size and topographic expression, the Cumbrae islands hold a key to better understanding of the structurally anomalous portion of the Midland Valley of Scotland underlying the Firth of Clyde. Situated beneath the western edge of the largest and thickest block of the Clyde Lava Plateau, the islands occupy the nexus between mainland and offshore and serve as a stepping stone to more remote outliers of the lavas and their underlying sedimentary formations in Bute and Arran. The Cumbrae islands carry representatives of three major groups of faults that have been regional controls on sequence preservation, outcrop distribution, and geomorphology since their initiation as proto-Variscan structures in the Late Devonian. Moreover, the islands are shaped by two sets of folds, one of inferred early to mid-Carboniferous age, the other of later Carboniferous age, both also present in other parts of the Firth. Finally, long accepted as a matchless locality for intersecting dyke swarms of Carboniferous (Viséan and latest Westphalian) and Palaeogene (Paleocene–Eocene) age, the interplay of dykes and faults on Great Cumbrae allows a refined history of fault reactivation to be reconstructed. In turn, analysis of the islands’ structures and their evaluation in regional context enables a local tectonic history to be formulated and presented in six informal stages between the Late Devonian and Holocene.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".