Aboriginals with multiple sclerosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: MS is common in people of northern European ethnicity who live in northern geographic areas; however, MS is rarely identified among aboriginal peoples living in the same areas. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence, clinical features, HLA type, and viral infections associated with MS among aboriginals in Manitoba, Canada. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in which the clinical features of all aboriginal patients with MS together with HLA type and human herpesvirus-6, HIV-1, human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1, and endogenous retrovirus associated with MS (MSRV) infections were analyzed and compared with results from nonaboriginal patients with MS. RESULTS: Seven aboriginals with MS were identified with a period prevalence among aboriginals of 40:100,000. Clinical features included relapsing-remitting (n = 6) or primary progressive (n = 1) phenotypes with aggressive disease courses and frequent involvement of optic nerves and spinal cord (n = 5) compared with nonaboriginal patients. Autopsy of one patient showed necrosis and eosinophil infiltrates in a cervical spinal cord lesion and a demyelinated optic nerve. Analysis of HLA alleles at the DRB1 and DQB1 loci indicated that the HLA types detected were common in aboriginals, but there were no HLA alleles previously associated with the development of MS. Analysis of the copy number of MSRV did not show differences among aboriginals and nonaboriginals with or without MS. CONCLUSIONS: Aboriginals of Algonkian background are at increased risk for an aggressive type of MS, resembling neuromyelitis optica, which is resistant to conventional MS treatments and occurs independently of HLA alleles previously associated with MS.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".