NC-10 * TRAINING THE BRAIN TO REPAIR ITSELF: AN EXERCISE TRIAL IN PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR SURVIVORS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Children treated with life saving cranial radiation for a brain tumor experience long-term cognitive impairments - including intellectual decline, difficulties in attention, slowed speed of thinking, and memory impairment. These deficits are related to white matter damage and hippocampal atrophy. No intervention has demonstrated significant benefit in ameliorating adverse effects. Recent studies show that aerobic exercise promotes endogenous repair mechanisms in the brain and improves cognitive performance. It is not known whether these benefits translate to brain injury in humans, particularly the significant injury observed in children treated for malignant brain tumors. METHODS: We conducted a quasi-randomized crossover trial of exercise training (n = 18) in children treated for brain tumors with cranial radiation. Training consisted of 90-minute group sessions, 3 times a week for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in brain structure. White matter (i.e. fractional anisotropy, FA) and hippocampal volume (mm3) were measured by DTI and structural MRI, respectively. The secondary outcome was change in reaction time and accuracy across CANTAB tests of attention, processing speed, and short term memory. Linear mixed modeling was used to evaluate time, training, and carryover effects. RESULTS: Training effects on brain structure and cognitive performance were observed. Training versus no training resulted in increased white matter organization (difference: 0.05, P < 0.001) and total hippocampal volume (difference: 110.04 mm3; P < 0.001) and decreased mean reaction time (difference: -434.82 ms, P < 0.001). Notably, carryover effects of training were observed. At ∼12 weeks after training versus no training, participants continued to exhibit increased white matter organization (difference: 0.07, P < 0.001) and total hippocampal volume (difference: 207.76 mm3; P < 0.001), and a decreased mean reaction time (difference: -1084.74 ms, P < 0.01). There were no significant changes in accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise is an effective means of promoting brain repair and cognitive restoration in children treated with cranial radiation for brain tumors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".