Arterial stiffness and functional properties in chronic kidney disease patients on different dialysis modalities: an exploratory study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Abnormalities of vascular function and accumulation of oxidative stress have been associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dialysis modalities, peritoneal dialysis (PD) and haemodialysis (HD) may differentially impact on vascular function and oxidative stress. METHODS: Patients undergoing living donor transplantation were studied for vascular stiffness using pulse wave velocity measurements, and inferior epigastric arteries were harvested to examine in vitro stiffness and functional properties and evidence of oxidative stress. Forty-one patients were studied representing PD (n = 12), HD (n = 14) and non-dialysed recipients (n = 15). RESULTS: We demonstrated differences in stiffness from in vivo and in vitro measurements such that non-dialysis < HD < PD groups. The stiffness measurements did not correlate with duration of CKD nor dialysis duration, but did so with phosphate levels (r = 0.356, P = 0.02). From the in vitro isometric force experiments, HD arteries demonstrated decreased contractility and endothelium-dependent relaxation compared with PD and non-dialysis vessels. Level of oxidative stress (as indicated by the 8-isoprostane level) was 30% higher in HD arteries than in PD arteries. Protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, NADPH subunits and xanthine oxidase was upregulated in HD arteries, while superoxide dismutase was downregulated. The compromised vascular function in HD arteries was improved by pharmacological means that eliminated oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: We report associations between vasomotor function and oxidative stress in the vasculature of patients receiving different dialysis therapies. Oxidative stress, which may be differentially augmented during PD and HD, may play an important role in the vascular dysfunction in dialysis populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".