XMM-Newton surveys of the Canada-France Redshift Survey fields -- I. The submillimetre/X-ray relation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
First results from XMM–Newton observations of the Canada–France Redshift Survey (CFRS) 3-h, 10-h and 14-h fields are presented. Limited regions of two of the XMM surveys (3 and 14 h) are compared with the Canada–UK Deep Submillimetre Surveys (CUDSS) undertaken with SCUBA. None of the 27 SCUBA sources in the 3-h field is detected by XMM, while one of the 23 SCUBA sources in the 14-h field is found to coincide with an X-ray source. The SCUBA population as a whole is not significantly detected in either the 0.5–2 keV or the 2–10 keV X-ray bands, even after coadding the X-ray flux at the SCUBA positions, in both fields. The 18 X-ray sources within the CUDSS 3-h map yield a mean submillimetre (submm) flux of 0.48 ± 0.27 mJy after coadding the submm flux at the X-ray positions. Using this result we place an upper limit on the contribution of AGN to the submm background at 850 μm of ∼7 per cent. Conversely we estimate the contribution of submm sources to the 0.5–2 keV X-ray background to be <16.5 per cent. These results strongly support the conclusion that the two backgrounds are caused by different processes, in the one case nucleosynthesis in stars, in the other accretion on to black holes. We conclude that it is possible for SCUBA sources in general to contain AGN, as long as they are Compton-thick and are at z > 2.3. The ratio of the X-ray to submm flux for the X-ray sources, however, implies that even when a galaxy does contain an AGN, most of the energy heating the dust is from young stars and not from the active nucleus.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".