Behavioural modification of the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory response to C‐reactive protein in patients with hypertension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Nolan RP, Floras JS, Ahmed L, Harvey PJ, Hiscock N, Hendrickx H, Talbot D (University Health Network and University of Toronto; Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Unilever Discover, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, UK). Behavioural modification of the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory response to C‐reactive protein in patients with hypertension. J Intern Med 2012; 272: 161–169. Objectives. A central hypothesis of the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory reflex model is that innate immune activity is inhibited by the efferent vagus. We evaluated whether changes in markers of tonic or reflex vagal heart rate modulation following behavioural intervention were associated inversely with changes in high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) or interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). Design. Subjects diagnosed with hypertension (n = 45, age 35–64 years, 53% women) were randomized to an 8‐week protocol of behavioural neurocardiac training (with heart rate variability biofeedback) or autogenic relaxation. Assessments before and after intervention included pro‐inflammatory factors (hsCRP, IL‐6), markers of vagal heart rate modulation [RR high‐frequency (HF) power within 0.15–0.40 Hz, baroreflex sensitivity and RR interval], conventional measures of lipoprotein cholesterol and 24‐h ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Results. Changes in hsCRP and IL‐6 were not associated with changes in lipoprotein cholesterol or blood pressure. After adjusting for anti‐inflammatory drugs and confounding factors, changes in hsCRP related inversely to changes in HF power (β =−0.25±0.1, P = 0.02), baroreflex sensitivity (β = −0.33±0.7, P = 0.04) and RR interval (β = −0.001 ± 0.0004, P = 0.02). Statistically significant relationships were not observed for IL‐6. Conclusions. Changes in hsCRP were consistent with the inhibitory effect of increased vagal efferent activity on pro‐inflammatory factors predicted by the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory reflex model. Clinical trials for patients with cardiovascular dysfunction are warranted to assess whether behavioural interventions can contribute independently to the chronic regulation of inflammatory activity and to improved clinical outcomes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".