Tyrosine phosphorylation of the vascular endothelial-growth-factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) is modulated by Rho proteins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of Rho-specific modifying toxins on the tyrosine phosphorylation of endothelial cell proteins were investigated. Incubation of the cells with the Rho-activating toxin cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) induced a marked increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of signalling intermediates of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated cascade, including focal adhesion kinase, paxillin, phospholipase Cgamma1 and a Shc-associated protein of 195 kDa. Both CNF1- and VEGF-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins were significantly reduced by prior incubation with C3 transferase, a known inhibitor of RhoA function, suggesting a Rho-dependent mechanism. The stimulation of endothelial cells with CNF1 resulted in a marked increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of the VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2, which was correlated with a stimulation of its kinase activity and with its association with downstream tyrosine phosphorylated proteins. The stimulatory effect of CNF1 was specific for VEGFR-2 since the phosphotyrosine content of VEGFR-1 was not affected by the toxin. Transient overexpression of a dominant-active RhoA mutant also induced an increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of the VEGFR-2, whereas overexpression of a dominant-inactive form of the protein was without effect. Taken together, these results indicate that Rho proteins may play an important role in angiogenesis by modulating the tyrosine phosphorylation levels of VEGFR-2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".