Beyond They Shall Not Pass. How the Experience of Violence Reshaped Political Values in Franco’s Spain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Francoist dictatorship gathered support from more Spaniards and earlier than is often admitted. The foundations for this support had little to do with the actual achievements of the New State but can be initially explained by the violence experienced by civilians before, during and after the Civil War, and the lack of viable political alternatives following the regime’s consolidation after the second world war. The experience of violence and the discredit of party politics became fundamental pillars in the social rooting of the dictatorship. By the mid-1940s, the regime also profited from the limited improvement of the internal socio-economic situation and the fact that direct repression was falling upon a diminishing number of people. Values changed and political demobilization widened, fuelled by a desire for peace that was as genuine among most Spaniards as it was opportunistically exploited by the regimen. In the process of accommodating to the new internal and external situation (Cold War), the New State looked for legitimacy by presenting Franco as the guarantor of national independence, stability and normality, in the midst of a ruined Europe, against the risks of foreign intervention and of renewed social and political strife.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".