Age-Related Changes in Transient and Oscillatory Brain Responses to Auditory Stimulation in Healthy Adults 19-45 Years Old
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The capacity of the human cerebral cortex to track fast temporal changes in auditory stimuli is related to the development of language in children and to deficits in speech perception in the elderly. Although maturation of temporal processing in children and its deterioration in the elderly has been investigated previously, little is known about naturally occurring changes in auditory temporal processing between these limits. The present study examined age-related (19-45 years) changes in 3 electrophysiological measures of auditory processing: 1) the late transient auditory evoked potentials to tone onset, 2) the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) to a 40-Hz frequency-modulated tone, and 3) the envelope following response (EFR) to sweeps of amplitude-modulated white noise from 10 to 100 Hz. With increasing age, the latency of the auditory P1-N1 complex decreased, the oscillatory (ASSR) response became larger and more stable, and the resonant peak of the EFR increased from 38 Hz at 19 years to 46 Hz at 45 years. Source analysis localized these changes to the auditory regions of the temporal lobe. These results indicate persistent adaptation of cortical auditory processes into middle adulthood. We speculate that experience-driven myelination and/or refinement of inhibitory circuits may underlie these changes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".