Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a network of three or more transmission lines connected together at a common "star" point, signals encounter a large transmission discontinuity that impairs communication. Part of an incident signal is reflected backward and the remaining portion is split amongst the outgoing lines. For example, when 6 lines with equal impedances are connected together, ongoing signals are attenuated by 9.5 dB. Reflections can be mitigated by adding series matching impedances to each line at the star point but this increases ongoing signal attenuation to 14 dB for the example of 6 connected lines. We present a method where negative impedance is applied to the star point to simultaneously reduce signal reflection and attenuation. The paper initially considers coaxial transmission lines with equal impedances and shows experimental results for baseband pulse transmission. Stability is a concern when adding negative impedance and accurate knowledge of line impedance is required. The paper concludes with a discussion on impedance compensation at a building breaker panel where transmission line impedances vary widely and are a function of frequency
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".