The effect of the addition of proteases and glucanases during yeast autolysis on the production and properties of yeast extracts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Yeast extracts (YE) were produced with the addition of proteases or glucanases during bakers' yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) autolysis. Chemical composition, physical properties, and biological value of the YE were examined. Proteases had the highest impact on the turbidity and filterability of YE. All 11 proteases and two glucanases increased YE yields (% yeast solids solubilized) obtained from heated (80 degrees C/15 min) bakers' yeast creams (BYC). However, when proteases were added to native (unheated) BYC during autolysis, few increased YE yields, with papain being the most effective. The increased yields were generally related to increased levels of total nitrogen (TN) and alpha-amino nitrogen (alpha-AN) in the YE. Media were supplemented with the various yeast extracts, and the highest growth rates (mumax) and biomass values (ODmax) of Lactobacillus acidophilus were noted. The best growth was obtained with YE produced with native BYC treated with a fungal protease, and results of this study show that some enzymes could be used to produce improved YE for microbiological media.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".