Development of progressive failure in sensitive clay slopes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development of progressive failure in sensitive clay slopes is analysed using principles from fracture mechanics, where failure stress depends on a material property (toughness) and length of an existing weakness, unlike traditional soil mechanics where failure stress is generally assumed to be only a function of material strength. An existing weakness, or partially developed failure surface, can propagate due to sudden loads, as might be induced by seasonal erosion cycles, small local landslides at a river bank or earthquake shaking. The paper examines the growth of the failure surface over time due to such loads. The analysis shows that a large landslide in sensitive clay can occur after a number of seasonal erosion cycles with no obvious trigger. It also shows that a larger load due to either a small landslide or earthquake can cause a developing failure surface to propagate freely toward general collapse. Large landslides in sensitive clay are often preceded by a smaller landslide at the river bank, but can be triggered by large earthquakes or may occur for no obvious reason. The agreement between predictions and real behaviour suggests that the model for progressive failure of large landslides in sensitive clay deserves further consideration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".