Fiscal Constitution and Regional Disparities in Economic Development: An Exploration of the Cases of Colombia, Canada and Spain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inquiring into the fiscal constitution and the regional economic geography of Colombia, this dissertation carries out an exploration of the linkages running from the fundamental fiscal rules of the country's multilevel system of government to the disparities in economic development among its regions, or, more precisely, among the jurisdictions of the intermediate level of government. With a comparative focus and with an eye to identifying factors that accentuate or moderate regional economic disparities in Colombia, it also offers an analysis of selected aspects of the fiscal constitutions of Canada and Spain, where, akin to the Colombian case, a less uneven regional economic development is a constitutionally declared governmental goal. Three dimensions of regional economic development are considered, namely, education, health, and income.Similarities and differences in the assignment of functions of government and the design of taxes, intergovernmental transfers and the rules of public indebtedness between cases belonging to the same legal tradition (Colombia and Spain for the civil law tradition) and to different legal traditions (e.g., Colombia vis-à-vis Canada, where the latter to a good extent fits in the common law tradition) are singled out and illustrated, and so are relevant quantitative patterns of the multilevel government finances and the outcomes in the three dimensions of development under study, using longitudinal and cross-section data for within and between country analysis. A sample of policy makers affiliated with the Colombian national and subnational levels of government, interviewed for the study, provide insights into the workings of intergovernmental relations, especially regarding the pros and cons of political and fiscal decentralization, as designed and implemented in Colombia, for regional and local development. The dissertation discusses and exemplifies some ways of assessing the adaptability and robustness of the Colombian fiscal constitution and of harnessing the fiscal state, through the legal system, to deal with regional economic disparities, drawing from the international comparative exercise and from a variety of theoretical approaches, including the economic analysis of law and the theories of public finance and public policy design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".