Decay of Picea abies snag stands on steep mountain slopes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a 30-ha Picea abies mountain forest in the Swiss Alps, almost all trees were killed by bark beetles (Ips typographus) between 1992 and 1996. Snag decay was studied using full-callipering within transects, and the height of lying logs above ground level was studied using the line intersect method. None of the dead trees had been uprooted, but 75% were found broken in 2000. The probability of snag breakage was independent of both tree diameter and time since stand death, but 28% of the snags broke close to the ground during a storm in December 1999. The log sections that were not in direct contact with the ground (73% of the log length sampled) were on average 85 cm above the soil surface in 2001. The orientation of the logs could be explained with the prevailing wind direction even on this steep slope. Leaving snag stands unharvested in P. abies forests on such slopes is likely to result in effective protection against rockfall and avalanche release for about 30 years. Key words: Norway spruce, bark beetle, decay process, rockfall, avalanche, mountain forest, Switzerland, decomposition, coarse woody debris
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".