Selective detection of dopamine using a combined permselective film of electropolymerized (poly-tyramine and poly-pyrrole-1-propionic acid) on a boron-doped diamondelectrode
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An effective and robust electrochemical approach has been developed for selective detection of dopamine in the presence of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), ascorbic acid, uric acid and other dopamine metabolites. A 'layer-by-layer' film of tyramine and pyrrole-1-propionic acid (PPA) was formed by subsequent electropolymerization on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode with an overall thickness of approximately 33 nm as estimated by AFM. The formation of the electropolymerized homogeneous film was also confirmed by SEM and Raman spectroscopy. The modified BDD electrode exhibited rapid response to dopamine within 6 s and a detection limit of 50 nM with excellent reproducibility. The stable electropolymerized film was capable of excluding electroactive interference from 20 microM l-DOPA, 20 microM 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and ascorbic and uric acids at normal physiological conditions (100 microM each). The modified electrode could be used for several repeated analyses of dopamine at 5 microM, without noticeable surface fouling. A plausible mechanism for permselectivity was suggested and supported by pertinent experimental data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".