<i>dwarf and delayed‐flowering 1</i>, a novel <i>Arabidopsis</i> mutant deficient in gibberellin biosynthesis because of overexpression of a putative AP2 transcription factor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel gibberellin (GA)-deficient mutant designated dwarf and delayed-flowering 1 (ddf1) was isolated from a library of activation-tagged Arabidopsis. This mutant showed dwarfism and late-flowering, but the phenotype was rescued by exogenous GA3 like known mutants defective in GA biosynthesis. The contents of bioactive GA4 and GA1 were in fact decreased in ddf1 at least partially through the repression of biosynthetic steps catalyzed by GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox). Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that the ddf1 phenotypes are caused by increased or ectopic expression of a putative AP2 transcription factor. Overexpression of DDF2, encoding another putative AP2 transcription factor closely related to DDF1, also conferred the ddf1-like phenotype. Among genes encoding (putative) AP2 transcription factors in Arabidopsis, DDFs are phylogenetically close to dehydration-responsive element binding protein (DREB1)/C-repeat binding factor (CBF) genes, which are known to be involved in stress responses. The ddf1 mutation upregulates a stress-related gene RD29A. DDF1 mRNA is strongly induced by high-salinity stress within 1 h. Moreover, transgenic plants overexpressing DDF1 showed increased tolerance to high-salinity stress. These results suggest that DDF1 is involved in the regulation of GA biosynthesis and stress tolerance. The possible relation between the contents of endogenous GAs and acquisition of stress protection is discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".