Liana distribution in response to urbanization in temperate forests
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Urbanization results in ecosystem fragmentation, habitat loss, and altered environmental conditions that usually favour pioneer and ruderal species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of urban conditions on liana abundance in temperate forests. Fieldwork was conducted in 50 forests of the metropolitan Montréal area (Quebec, Canada) and focused on the 6 most common lianas of the study area, Celastrus scandens, Menispermum canadense, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Solanum dulcamara, Toxicodendron radicans, and Vitis riparia. Potential drivers of liana distribution at the landscape scale (e.g., surrounding land use, urban heat island) were quantified based on satellite images and land use maps. At the forest scale, we investigated biotic and abiotic variables in 429 sampling plots. We found that at the landscape scale, lianas benefited from urbanization, mainly through warm microclimates created by urban heat islands (UHI) as lianas are not well adapted to cold climates. At the forest scale, lianas were more abundant in disturbed forests and in edge habitats than in less disturbed forest and core habitats. Their fast growth rate enables them to quickly take advantage of high light availability on disturbed sites. Our results suggest that urbanization and ongoing climate changes will lead to an increase in liana abundance in temperate forests.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".