The attenuation of ultraviolet radiation in high dissolved organic carbon waters of wetlands and lakes on the northern Great Plains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We used a scanning spectroradiometer to conduct underwater optical surveys of 44 waterbodies during the ice‐free seasons of three consecutive years in wetlands and lakes in central Saskatchewan, Canada. The waterbodies ranged widely in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (4.1–156.2 mg L −1 ) and conductivity (270–74,300 mohms cm −1 ). Although penetration of UV radiation (UV‐R; 280–400 nm) in these systems was largely a function of DOC concentration, as has been reported previously, UV‐R penetrated more deeply in saline waterbodies than in freshwater systems with similar DOC concentrations. Power models representing our K dUV‐B or K dUV‐A versus DOC relationships were described by K dUV−B = 0.604DOC 1.287 ( r 2 = 0.76, N = 23) and K dUV‐A = 0.428DOC 1.136 ( r 2 = 0.55, N = 24) for freshwater systems and K dUV‐B = 2.207DOC 0.732 ( r 2 = 0.40, N = 20) and K dUV‐A = 1.436DOC 0.600 (r 2 = 0.18, N = 20) for saline systems. Our data, when combined with data from other researchers, resulted in the more general freshwater models K dUV−B = 0.705DOC 1.248 ( r 2 = 0.84, N = 43) and K dUV‐A = 0.470DOC 1.112 ( r 2 = 0.70, N = 44). UV‐B radiation (280–320 nm) is not expected to penetrate deeply (typically <50 cm) in prairie lakes and wetlands because of high intrinsic DOC concentrations. However, the central plains are characteristically windy and this, coupled with the shallowness of many of these systems, suggests that biota may still be at risk from present‐day and future‐enhanced levels of UV‐B (which may result from ozone depletion). Moreover, this risk may be exacer‐bated in saline systems. This could be significant, especially because saline waterbodies are often highly productive and represent important North American staging areas for shorebirds and waterfowl.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".