Ethnic Media under a Multicultural Policy: The Case of the Korean Media in British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vancouver is not only the second most diverse city in Canada, but it is also the site of major ethnic specialty services. It is home to one of the four multilingual television stations in Canada and more than one hundred ethnic media outlets. Together they serve approximately twenty-three language groups. Among British Columbia’s top three “mother tongue and home language” groups —Chinese, Punjabi, and Korean — the Korean community offers the largest number of media services. There are nearly thirty outlets for approximately thirty thousand people of Korean origin. That proportion becomes even more impressive when one considers that more than three hundred thousand people of Chinese origin rely on a similar number of outlets. What is the driving force behind this growth? With the increasing demographic changes within the Korean community, mainly as a result of the Business Immigration Programme enacted in 1986, the Korean media have become new business ventures to serve demographically diverse consumers. The intensified competition, however, limits what may be called “social responsibility” on the part of the media. The lack of financial and human capital in the media market further leads to reliance on homebound news and limits a balanced information feed. A hollow in national and provincial civic space and the subsequent development of a skewed sense of belonging to “home,” rather than “here,” has an impact on the formation of a functioning cultural citizenship. Vancouver n’est pas seulement la deuxième ville la plus diverse au Canada, mais c’est aussi le centre des principaux services ethniquement spécialisés. Elle abrite une des quatre stations de télévision multilingues du pays et plus d’une centaine de fournisseurs de médias ethniques. À eux tous, ils desservent environ trente-trois groupes linguistiques. Parmi les trois plus importants «de langue maternelle et d’usage familial» en Colombie britannique — chinois, punjabi et coréen — la communauté coréenne offre le plus grand nombre de services médiatiques. Ils sont près de trois cents à desservir une trentaine de milliers de personnes d’origine coréenne. Cette proportion est d’autant plus impressive si on considère qu’il y en a à peu près le même nombre pour trois cent mille chinois de souche. Que pourrait être le moteur de cette augmentation? Les changements démographiques à la hausse de la communauté coréenne, dus principalement au Programme d’immigration de gens d’affaires en vigueur depuis 1986, font que les médias coréens sont devenus de nouvelles entreprises commerciales visant des consommateurs démographiquement divers. Cependant, la compétition s’est intensifiée et a limité le rôle que l’on pourrait appeler la «responsabilité sociale» dans les médias. Le manque de capital financier et humain dans le marché médiatique a d’autant plus provoqué un repli sur les nouvelles journalistiques venues du pays d’origine et limité la possibilité de donner une information équilibrée. L’absence de couverture de l’espace civique national et provincial a conduit à développer un sens d’appartenance biaisé en faveur de «là-bas» plutôt que d’«ici», ce qui affecte la formation d’une citoyenneté culturellement fonctionnelle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".