Enhanced solubilization of rock phosphate by <i>Penicillium bilaiae</i> in pH-buffered solution culture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Little is known about how pH-buffering capacity affects phosphorus (P) solubilization by Penicillium bilaiae. This study compared solubilization of rock phosphate (RP) by P. bilaiae in nonbuffered (pH 5.0) and buffered (pH 7.0) media. Fungal growth reached the stationary phase around day 12 and was slightly enhanced in the buffered medium. The fungus reduced solution pH from 5.0 to 4.1 in the nonbuffered medium and from 7.0 to 4.9 in the buffered medium by day 12. Phosphorus concentrations increased after day 9 more in the buffered than in the nonbuffered media (53 and 5 mg P x L(-1), respectively, on day 12). On day 12, higher concentrations of citric and oxalic acids were detected in the buffered (2.0 and 1.2 g x L(-1), respectively) than nonbuffered media (0.5 and 0.04 g x L(-1), respectively). Solubilization of RP was simulated without P. bilaiae in solutions equivalent to the nonbuffered and buffered cultures of P. bilaiae grown with RP. After a 24 h incubation, the P concentrations were of similar magnitudes to those observed in the P. bilaiae culture (18 and 47 mg P x L(-1), respectively, in the nonbuffered and buffered media). Under increased pH-buffering conditions, the enhanced production of citric and oxalic acids led to significant RP solubilization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".