On the possible environmental effect in distributing heavy elements beyond individual gaseous haloes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a study of extended galaxy halo gas through H i and O vi absorption over two decades in projected distance at z ≈ 0.2. The study is based on a sample of 95 galaxies from a highly complete (>80 per cent) survey of faint galaxies (L > 0.1L*) with archival quasar absorption spectra and 53 galaxies from the literature. A clear anticorrelation is found between H i (O vi) column density and virial radius normalized projected distance, d/Rh. Strong H i (O vi) absorption systems with column densities greater than 1014.0 (1013.5) cm−2 are found for 48 of 54 (36 of 42) galaxies at d < Rh indicating a mean covering fraction of |$\langle \kappa _{\rm H\,\small {i}}\rangle =0.89$| (|$\langle \kappa _{\rm O\,\small {vi}}\rangle =0.86$|). O vi absorbers are found at d ≈ Rh, beyond the extent observed for lower ionization species. At d/Rh = 1–3 strong H i (O vi) absorption systems are found for only 7 of 43 (5 of 34) galaxies (|$\langle \kappa _{\rm H\,\small {i}}\rangle =0.16$| and |$\langle \kappa _{\rm O\,\small {vi}}\rangle =0.15$|). Beyond d = 3 Rh, the H i and O vi covering fractions decrease to levels consistent with coincidental systems. The high completeness of the galaxy survey enables an investigation of environmental dependence of extended gas properties. Galaxies with nearby neighbours exhibit a modest increase in O vi covering fraction at d > Rh compared to isolated galaxies (|$\kappa _{\rm O\,\small {vi}}\approx 0.13$| versus 0.04) but no excess H i absorption. These findings suggest that environmental effects play a role in distributing heavy elements beyond the enriched gaseous haloes of individual galaxies. Finally, we find that differential H i and O vi absorption between early- and late-type galaxies continues from d < Rh to d ≈ 3 Rh.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".