Evidence for large-amplitude biome and climate changes in Atlantic Canada during the last interglacial and mid-Wisconsinan periods
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Last interglacial and mid Wisconsinan pollen data from sedimentary sequences of Cape Breton Island in Atlantic Canada were analyzed to reconstruct biome and climate conditions. Our results show warm and humid climate with mean annual temperature 6–7°C higher than today, up to 15–20% more sunshine and significantly longer growing season that fostered growth of temperate trees during the optimum of the last interglacial. The northern limit of the deciduous forest biome was then about 500 km north of its modern limit. Towards the end of the interglacial the deciduous forest was replaced by conifer/hardwood forest and boreal forest. Climate was then similar to modern. The transition from interglacial to glacial was marked by a change towards coniferous forest related to colder and dryer conditions. During the mid Wisconsinan, the development of forest tundra to boreal forest reflects migration of the Arctic Front and significant cooling with mean annual temperature anomalies of − 8 to − 12°C. The overall time series reflect large amplitude climate changes that point to high sensitivity of the southeastern Canadian margins, likely as a response to latitudinal shifts of the Gulf Stream and variable strength of the Labrador Current together with changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation pattern.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".