The Power-Law-Tail in the Distribution of the Nucleotides of Genomes Was Related to the Complexity of Organism: New Classification of Organisms
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We proposed a new index of the classification of organisms (cells) based on the appearance frequency of four nucleotides (bases) of various genomes. In double logarithmic plot of L (distance of a base to the next base, x-axis) vs F (frequencies of a base at L, y-axis), each value of four bases was expressed in y = ae-bx at L = 1 ~ 15, and y = Ux + W (power-law-tail) at L = more than 16 bases, respectively, in a single-strand of DNA. The a-, b- and U-values (slope) of four bases were resulted from the GC-content (%) and the size (nt) of the genome. Moreover, each value was identical as A to T, and as G to C, respectively, in one organism. The power-law-tail should be unique to the genomes of the same species, the eukaryotes, the prokaryotes. The eukaryotic genomes were essentially composed of great number of bases with plural long power-law-tail regions when compared with those of the prokaryotes. In the prokaryotes, the base-distribution was partitioned at L = 20, and the U-values (base-distribution in power-law-tail region) of the archaea were similar to the eukaryotes compared with those of the eubacteria. Thus, the power-law-tail of the genomic DNA should be come from the structural features of the cells, i.e., the size, the GC-content and other characteristics of the genomic DNA. These results indicated that the power-law-tail would be specific for the complexity of organisms in individual genome, and might be a new index for cells.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it