Staged Injection in a Dual-Mode Combustor for an Air-Breathing Engine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The combination of a strut injector with a wall-mo unted cavity has been experimentally investigated in the supersonic combustion test faci lity of the Institute for Flight Propulsion of the Technische Universitat Munchen. Preliminary work has been carried out on single-stage injection, using a strut for stabilization both of a hydrogen pilot flame and of a main methane flame. For this sake, the strut has been po sitioned in the constant cross-section portion of a modular, dual-mode combustor, the latter being directly connected to a Mach 2.2 Laval nozzle. The stabilization of both flames succeeded over a broad operation range, but the overall equivalence ratio could not be subs tantially increased due to limited penetration and mixing of the fuel into the superso nic air stream. The introduction of an additional injection stage further downstream in th e combustor aimed to enhance the mixing level and the equivalence ratio. The second stage c onsists of a wall-mounted, open cavity. Fuel injection is performed in the direction opposi te to the one of the main stream through a series of oval orifices on the cavity slanted rear wall. The cavity has been implemented in the diverging module of the combustion chamber in order to minimize the effects of the aerodynamic blockage of the fuel jet and the risk o f thermal choking due to combustion. This paper outlines the results of the combination of different strut geometries with the cavity described above, for a reservoir total press ure of 1MPa and a total temperature of 1000K.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".