Hybridization between Blue-Footed (<i>Sula nebouxii</i>) and Peruvian (<i>Sula variegate</i>) Boobies in Northern Peru
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent reports have suggested that hybridization occurs between Blue-footed (Sula nebouxii) and Peruvian (Sula variegata) Boobies in northern Peru, but none included morphometric or genetic analyses of apparent hybrids. Over three field seasons, morphological measurements and blood samples were taken from four apparent Peruvian x Blue-footed Booby hybrids on Lobos de Tierra Island, and one apparent hybrid on the Lobos de Afuera islands. Feather samples were collected from one representative of each parental species and one hybrid. Morphological variation of apparent male hybrids was compared to 25 male Peruvian Boobies and 140 male Blue-footed Boobies, and variation in 540 base pairs of the mitochondrial control region and 8 microsatellite loci for all hybrids was compared to 141 Peruvian Boobies and 168 Blue-footed Boobies. Molecular sexing indicated that four hybrids were male and one was female. Male hybrid boobies showed weak transgressive segregation, all hybrids possessed Peruvian Booby mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite alleles from each parental species. Hybridization between these species appears rare and restricted to the islands where both species breed, and pre and post-mating barriers appear well established.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".