Synthesis and properties of ladder-type 1,4-dihydro-1,4-phosphasilins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The synthesis and advanced characterization of a series of extended dithieno[2,3-b:3′,2′-e][1,4-dihydro-1,4]phosphasilins is reported, and their suitability as new building blocks for organic electronics is evaluated. Synthesis of basic, as well as benzo-extended dithienophosphasilins, can be achieved using appropriate 2,3-dibromothiophene precursors in a two-step protocol introducing the silicon and phosphorus centers subsequently. Both ladder-type materials show the typical reactivity of trivalent phosphorus species and can quantitatively be converted into the corresponding oxides or gold complexes, the latter exemplified with the basic dithienophosphasilin. Their optoelectronic properties were found to be inferior to those of related dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]phospholes, indicating a disruption of the π-conjugation in the molecular scaffold. X-ray crystallographic studies revealed that the molecular scaffold is planar in the oxidized benzo-extended material, whereas the basic dithieno materials show some small deviation from planarity. Density functional theory calculations suggest all materials to be planar, with the exception of the benzo-extended trivalent phosphasilin. This structure–property study illustrates that the disruption of the π-conjugation in the molecular scaffold of the extended phosphasilins is exclusively due to the presence of the silicon center and its electronic effects, rather than structural features.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".