Effect of Non-Statin Lipid Lowering and Anti-Obesity Drugs on LDL Subfractions in Patients with Mixed Dyslipidaemia
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Small, dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) particles are considered an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. Obese patients with mixed dyslipidaemia frequently have elevated sdLDL cholesterol (sdLDL-C) levels. Therefore, agents that favourably modulate the LDL phenotype may be of clinical value in these patients. We review the efficacy of anti-obesity and lipid lowering drugs other than statins on LDL subfractions in patients with mixed dyslipidaemia primarily focusing on those who are overweight/obese. The literature search was based on PubMed listings up to 26 November 2009. In most studies ezetimibe decreases the large and medium LDL subclasses and, to a lesser extent, the sdLDL particles, while it does not substantially influence LDL size. Fibrates and niacin reduce sdLDL particles and shift LDL size towards large, buoyant LDL particles. More studies are needed to elucidate the effects of fish oils and resins on LDL phenotype. Orlistat and rimonabant have been associated with reductions in sdLDL-C levels along with an increase in LDL particle size. We did not find any literature describing the effect of sibutramine on sdLDL profile. Treatment with fibrates and niacin seems to be beneficial in patients with mixed dyslipidaemia. The addition of orlistat may further improve LDL phenotype in overweight/obese patients. Keywords: Mixed dyslipidaemia, ezetimibe, fibrates, nicotinic acid, obesity, orlistat, rimonabant, small, dense LDL, Non-Statin Lipid, Anti-Obesity Drugs, LDL Sub-fractions, sdLDL, sibutramine, Quebec Cardiovascular Study, ischemic heart disease, proteoglycan, LDL receptors, thromboxane A2, thrombogenicity, cardiovascular risk, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treat-ment Panel III, cardio-vascular disease, fenofi-brate, bezafibrate, gemfibrozil, ciprofibrate, clofibrate, niacin, resins, sequestrants, coleseve-lam, omega-3, fatty acids, fish oil, high density, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, hyperlipidaemia, Lipoprint LDL System, hyper-cholesterolaemia, hyperlipoproteinaemia, LDL apheresisc, fenofibrate, Intraabdominal Adiposity
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it