Catheter Associated Blood Stream Infections in Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition: A Prospective Study of 850 Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Data was prospectively collected on 850 consecutive patients undergoing central venous catheterisation (CVC) to receive total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in a major university teaching hospital over a 46 months period. METHODS: Data included information about CVC insertion and clinical outcomes, most notably, suspected catheter-related blood stream infections (CRBSI). RESULTS: The internal jugular vein was the most common site (n = 882, 68%), followed by the subclavian vein (n = 344, 24.6%) and femoral vein (n = 95, 6.5%). The CRBSI rate per 100 line feeding days was 0.93% in patients cared for in a non ICU setting versus 1.98% for ICU managed patients. The mean number of line days preceding a pyrexial spike was 13.1. CRBSI was commonest in patients with femoral lines (n = 21/95, 22.1%), especially those cared for in a non-ICU setting (29.6% versus 14.5% for those in the ICU group). Preference should be given to internal jugular or subclavian-sited CVCs in ICU and non-ICU patients to reduce the risk of CRBSI. If femoral catheterisation is unavoidable, strict attention to aseptic technique is mandatory. CONCLUSION: The aim of this study was to investigate the rate and pattern of CRBSI and to recommend changes in protocol, technique and equipment as deemed necessary from these findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".