Intermittent freezing mode to reduce frost heave in freezing soils — experiments and mechanism analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two types of freezing tests have been conducted on Xuzhou silty clay. The intermittent freezing test results show that the frost heave increases step by step after the initial freezing stage, and its total amount is only 48.8% that resulting from the continuous freezing test. A model describing the growth process of the active ice lens in saturated, rigid soils has been established, and the importance of the frozen fringe is investigated in the model. The growth processes of the final ice lenses in the two freezing tests have been used for laboratory validation of the model, and the calculated results are in general agreement with the experimental data. The mechanism of using an intermittent freezing mode to reduce frost heave has been revealed by analyzing the growth process of the final ice lens. We indicate that, during the noncooling stage, the backward movement of the freezing front, which causes the disappearance of the frozen fringe, stops the growth of the final ice lens. This effect results in a step-type frost heave curve in the intermittent freezing test and reduces the heave amount effectively. Finally, problems concerning the practical application of the intermittent freezing mode are discussed in a preliminary manner.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".