Genetic variability in sexually dimorphic and monomorphic populations of <i>Populus euphratica </i>(Salicaceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The genetic polymorphism of three populations of the dioecious riparian tree Populus euphratica Oliv. in Is- rael was examined with isozyme tests. Twelve enzyme systems revealed 20 putative loci, of which 13 were polymor- phic. A centrally located population (comprising both females and males) was sampled, as well as two small peripheral and isolated stands: one comprised of only females and one containing males only. Genetic diversity values in P. euphratica were usually lower than those reported in other poplars and other species with similar life-history traits. The highest genetic diversity was found in the central, sexually dimorphic population; however, the sexually monomorphic (unisexual) marginal populations also manifested some genetic diversity, with the lowest values in the male population. Each of the unisexual populations could have originated from very few founder individuals of the same gender. The genetic variability detected in the unisexual populations may reflect somatic mutations accumulated in a vegetatively reproducing lineage over a long time span. Resume : Les auteurs ont etudie la diversite genetique decoulant d'isoenzymes au sein de trois populations de l'espece arborescente riveraine dioique Populus euphratica Oliv. en Israel. Pour ce faire, 12 systemes enzymatiques codant pour 20 loci presumes furent reveles, desquels 13 sont apparus polymorphes. L'echantillonnage comprenait une population dont la localisation etait centrale (constituee a la fois d'individus mâles et d'individus femelles) et deux petits peuple- ments marginaux et isoles, dont un constitue uniquement d'individus femelles et l'autre constitue uniquement d'individus mâles. Les estimes de diversite genetique chez le P. euphratica etaient plus faibles que ceux rapportes pour d'autres especes de peuplier et d'autres especes aux caracteres de cycle de vie similaires. La plus forte diversite gene- tique fut observee chez la population centrale sexuellement dimorphe. Cependant, les populations marginales sexuelle- ment monomorphes (unisexuees) demontraient une certaine diversite genetique, avec les plus faibles valeurs chez la population mâle. Chacune des populations unisexuees pourrait avoir pour origine un faible nombre d'individus du meme sexe. La diversite genetique remarquee au sein des populations unisexuees pourrait refleter une accumulation de mutations somatiques au sein d'une lignee se multipliant de facon vegetative pendant une longue periode de temps. (Traduit par la Redaction) Rottenberg et al. 486
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".