Stability of Ketorolac Tromethamine in IV Solutions and Waste Reduction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the stability of ketorolac tromethamine during 21-day storage at 23°C and 4°C. Methods: Solutions of ketorolac tromethamine (15 mg/50 mL and 30 mg/50 mL) were prepared and stored in polyvinylchloride (PVC) minibags at room temperature (23°C) and in the refrigerator (4°C). A validated, stabilityindicating liquid chromatographic method was used to determine the concentration of the drug on each of 10 days over a 21-day storage period. Visual inspection and pH determinations were also completed on each of the study days. Results: Over the study period, samples of both concentrations stored at either temperature retained more than 95% of the initial ketorolac concentration. The amounts of degradation products detected were insignificant. Conclusions: Ketorolac tromethamine solutions of 15 mg/50 mL and 30 mg/50 mL (nominal concentrations of 0.3 and 0.6 mg/mL) stored in PVC minibags at 23°C and 4°C for 21 days were stable and retained more than 95% of the initial ketorolac concentration. The expiry period for such solutions may be extended to up to 21 days, as long as the sterility of the solutions is verified. RESUME Objectif : Evaluer la stabilite de la tromethamine de ketorolac entreposee a des temperatures de 23 °C et de 4 °C pendant 21 jours. Methodes : Des solutions de tromethamine de ketorolac (15 mg/50 mL et 30 mg/50 mL) ont ete preparees et conditionnees dans des minisacs de polychlorure de vinyle (PVC), puis entreposees a la temperature ambiante (23 °C) ou au refrigerateur (4 °C). Outre l’inspection visuelle et la determin - ation du pH pour chaque jour de l’etude, la concentration en medicament a ete determinee a dix journees differentes durant la periode d’entreposage de 21 jours, au moyen d’une epreuve de stabilite par chromatographie liquide a haute pression validee. Resultats : Au cours de la periode d’etude, des echantillons des deux concentrations entreposees a l’une ou l’autre temperature ont conserve plus de 95 % de leurs concentrations originales de ketorolac. La quantite de produits de degradation decelee etait non significative. Conclusions : Les solutions de tromethamine de ketorolac preparees a raison de 15 mg/50 mL et de 30 mg/50 mL (concentrations nominales de 0,3 et de 0,6 mg/mL) et conservees dans des minisacs en PVC a des temperatures de 23 °C et de 4 °C durant 21 jours se sont revelees stables et ont retenu plus de 95 % de leurs concentrations originales de ketorolac. Les dates de peremption de telles solutions peuvent etre prolongees jusqu’a 21 jours, en autant que la sterilite des solutions soit verifiee.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".