Identification of a blaVIM-4 gene in the internationally successful Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 clone and in a Klebsiella oxytoca strain in Hungary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sir, The VIM-type metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) have been detected worldwide in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp., and, more recently, in many species of Enterobacteriaceae. After the first detection of VIM-4 in P. aeruginosa in Greece in 2001,1 these strains were isolated in many countries, including Hungary, where VIM-4- producing P. aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophila were reported.2,3 In Hungarian clinical microbiological laboratories, the screening for presumptive carbapenemase producers is performed according to Hungarian guidelines, which are based on the CLSI recommendations.4 The putative production of MBLs is tested by the modified Hodge test, and disc tests containing imipenem and/or ceftazidime either alone or combined with EDTA. In 2009, 5% of Klebsiella spp. (1.4% of Enterobacteriaceae) isolates from the BP1 centre and 4.76% of Klebsiella spp. (2.4% of Enterobacteriaceae) isolates from the BP2 centre were ertapenem-resistant non-carbapenemase producers. No imipenem or meropenem non-susceptible strains were isolated during this year. Based on screening and confirmatory tests, one carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae strain (KP3686) isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BP1 centre, February 2009) and one carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella oxytoca strain (KO5294/9) isolated from stool (BP2 centre, July 2009) proved to be MBL producers. The aim of our study was to characterize the first Hungarian MBL-producing K. pneumoniae KP3686 and K. oxytoca KO5294/9 isolates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".