Community rehabilitation for older adults with osteoarthritis of the lower limb: a controlled clinical trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of a 12-month community-based water exercise programme on measures of self-reported health and physical function in people aged over 60 years old with knee-hip osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN: A quasi-experimental design consisting of an exercise group and an age-matched control group. SETTING: Public community swimming pool in Sheffield, UK. SUBJECTS: One hundred and six community-dwelling sedentary older people, with confirmed knee-hip osteoarthritis, enrolled in an experimental controlled trial for 12 months. Sixty-six subjects in the exercise group were offered a water-exercise programme. Forty age-matched, nonexercising, 'control' subjects received monthly education material and quarterly telephone calls. INTERVENTIONS: Participants in the exercise group were asked to attend two exercise sessions a week of 1 hour duration led by specially trained swimming instructors. MAIN MEASURES: Primary outcome measure was the disease-specific Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Secondary outcomes included a battery of performance-based physical function tests. RESULTS: Adherence to exercise averaged 70% (+/- 14%) over the year: 77% of the exercising subjects and 89% control subjects completed both pre- and post-outcome measures. After one year, participants in the exercise group experienced a significant improvement in physical function (4.0 +/- 9.1 versus -0.4 +/- 7.3 units; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-7.96, p < 0.05) and reduction in the perception of pain (1.3 +/- 3.7 versus 0.2 +/- 2.5 units; 95% CI -0.19-2.52, p < 0.05) compared with the control group, as measured by the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index. In addition, the exercise group performed significantly better in the ascending and descending stairs tests (p < 0.05), had significantly greater improvements in knee range of movement (p < 0.01) and hip range of movements (p < 0.005). There were no significant differences in the two groups for quadriceps muscle strength and psychosocial well-being (Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 questionnaire). CONCLUSIONS: Older people with knee/hip osteoarthritis gained modest improvements in measures of physical function, pain, general mobility and flexibility after participating in 12 months of community-based water exercise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".