Occurrence of Potato Wart Caused by <i>Synchytrium endobioticum</i> on Prince Edward Island, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During harvest (October 2000) of a 26-ha field of processing potatoes (cv. Russet Burbank) on Prince Edward Island (PEI), a small number of tubers with symptoms of potato wart were found in a 1-ha area of the field. Resting sporangia of Synchytrium endobioticum were present in diseased tissue. Potato wart is not endemic in Canada outside of Newfoundland, where the disease has occurred since 1909, and has been under official quarantine control since 1912 (1). In the United States, the disease was eradicated from Pennsylvania and West Virginia by 1974 and, more recently, was eradicated from Maryland, where its presence had been reconfirmed in 1987 (2). Anecdotal information pertaining to the PEI field suggests that the source of infection may have been infected tubers from Newfoundland that were grown in this portion of the field many years ago. Cv. Russet Burbank is resistant to pathotype 1 which occurs in the United Kingdom, but is susceptible to pathotype 2, which predominates in Newfoundland (1). A soil survey confirmed the presence of S. endobioticum resting sporangia in the 1-ha area in which the symptomatic tubers were found. Concentrations of sporangia ranged from <1 to 124 sporangium per g of air-dried soil. Resting sporangia of S. endobioticum were not found in soil samples from fields within a 0.8-km radius of the infested field, nearby garden plots, or fields in which the same equipment had been used since 1984. References: (1) M. C. Hampson. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 15:223, 1993. (2) M. L. Putnam and A. B. Sindermann. Am. Potato J. 71:743, 1994.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".