Indoor and outdoor SO<sub>2</sub> in a community near oil sand extraction and production facilities in northern Alberta
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A baseline study measuring indoor and outdoor sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels was undertaken in a small native community (Fort McKay) in northern Alberta. The objective was to assess whether proximity of numerous oil sand operations affected air quality in the community. A passive sampling device was deployed for 96 h durations at 30 randomly selected homes over a 6 week period such that 75% of homes were sampled during weekdays and 25% during weekends. The common living area of each home (kitchen or family room) was sampled indoors. Outdoor passive samplers were attached to a sampling stand under a shelter in the yard. Indoor SO2 levels were all less than a method detection limit of 1.3 µg/m3 (n = 30). The median outdoor level was 1.7 µg/m3 (n = 28, range 1.3 to 3.7 µg/m3, 70% > method detection level). Results of testing to determine accuracy and precision of the monitors showed both measures to be within 35% based on a 96 h average measurement. Overall, these levels are considered very low and consistent with levels observed elsewhere in Alberta. Key words: sulfur dioxide, passive sampling, indoor and outdoor air.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".