Modulation of Hepatic Drug Metabolizing Enzymes by Dietary Doses of Thymoquinone in Female New Zealand White Rabbits
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Herbal medicines can affect drug metabolizing enzymes. Therefore the effect of thymoquinone (TQ), the active ingredient of black seeds, was examined on rabbit liver drug metabolizing enzymes. Two groups of New Zealand female rabbits received TQ at 10 and 20 mg/kg/day orally and a control group of six animals each were killed after 8 weeks. Blood and livers were harvested and the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and phase II enzymes in the microsomal and cytosolic preparations were measured by HPLC and ELISA methods. The liver enzymes ALT/AST and albumin were similar in the three groups. CYP1A2, CYP3A4, but not CYP2E1, were significantly diminished by TQ treatment. Of the phase II enzymes, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly induced by the high TQ dose, while the total glutathione levels were unaffected. Glutathione reductase (GR), on the other hand, was significantly induced in the two experimental groups. Thymoquinone has differential effects on CYP and phase II enzymes. Inhibition of some CYP enzyme activities may lead to a hazardous herb-drug interaction. Induction of GR activity may explain the salutatory effect of the black seeds in inhibiting the generation of bioactive metabolites known to promote carcinogenesis and oxidative cell damage.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it