Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Hypertension in Young and Old Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Hypertension (HT) is more prevalent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) than among the general population and it has been associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in these patients. We examined the proportion of HT and factors associated with it in young and old women with SLE. METHODS: Participants (112 women with SLE and 223 healthy age-matched women) were categorized as young (age ≤ 40 years) or old (age > 40 years). We compared cardiovascular and specific SLE-related variables and inflammatory markers in hypertensive and normotensive women with SLE for each age range. We also assessed the factors independently associated with HT in the entire cohort and in each age range by means of a multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of HT was higher in women with SLE than in controls (56% vs 29%; p < 0.001), and was proportionally higher in younger women with SLE (40% vs 11%; p < 0.001) than in older women with SLE (74% vs 47%; p = 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, HT was associated with renal involvement and higher nonobesity-related insulin levels in younger women with SLE. In older patients, HT was associated with age, renal involvement, and obesity. Finally, in the entire cohort, HT was associated with age, insulin, renal involvement, and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index score. CONCLUSION: An association between HT and insulin has been identified in women with SLE, particularly younger ones. Factors associated with HT in women with SLE differed depending on their age. HT was more prevalent in women with SLE than in control subjects, being proportionally higher in young women with SLE.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".