Light-curve dip production through accretion stream-accretion disc impact in the HZ Her/Her X-1 binary star system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We discuss the production of Hercules X-1's (Her X-1) light-curve dips through accretion stream impact on the disc. We model the binary system geometry, the position of the line of sight relative to the impact site and the effect of several binary system parameters on the occurrence phases of dips. Our input accretion disc models have been validated by observations. The accretion stream geometry is calculated from first principles and it is consistent with theoretical studies and observations. Our model explains the marching dip effect and several other features of the 35-d phase–orbital phase graph. The outer accretion disc radius has the greatest effect on the timing of dips, while the mass ratio, L1's coordinates, the orbital inclination and separation, and the inner accretion disc radius have negligible effects. We find that dip production occurs for distances from impact to the line of sight of under 2 per cent of the orbital separation. We consider the possibility of disc penetration by the stream and find that it is required to reproduce correctly the marching dip effect and the complex trends of the dips observed by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer/Proportional Counter Array. In particular, the model explains the properties of pre-eclipse, anomalous, post-eclipse, main-high-state, short-high-state and low-state dips, and shows that they are all produced by the same mechanism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".