Muscle Length and Joint Range of Motion in Children with Cystic Fibrosis Compared to Children Developing Typically
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To explore range of motion in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) compared to children developing typically. With the increasing longevity of people with CF, musculoskeletal concerns are becoming more prevalent and should be identified and considered in management plans. Reduced range of motion (ROM) in older people with CF has been demonstrated, and the age at which these changes begin to occur must be explored. METHODS: Participants were 38 children with CF (aged 7-14 years) and 38 children developing typically, matched for age and gender. Muscle length and joint ROM measurements were compared, using analysis of variance, in the thoracolumbar region (extension, flexion, lateral flexion), upper limb (pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, shoulder horizontal abduction), and lower limb (hip internal and external rotation, hamstrings, gastrocnemius-soleus). RESULTS: Children with CF had significantly shorter pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, and gastrocnemius-soleus muscles and significantly greater range of shoulder horizontal abduction than matched controls. CONCLUSION: Altered ROM was identified in children with CF, strengthening the rationale to support proactive physiotherapy management of the musculoskeletal system, aiming to optimize function across the increasing lifespan. Evaluation and management of ROM and its impact on activity and participation are important areas for future research and clinical practice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".