Growth‐ and feeding‐related isotopic dilution and enrichment patterns in young‐of‐the‐year yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary 1. Isotopic signatures (δ15N and δ13C) from young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were collected over the initial 4 month summer growing period from three separate and distinctive sites in northern Alberta, Canada. Data were analysed to test the hypotheses that there are within‐ and among‐population differences in the patterns of isotopic δ15N and δ13C change over the growing season, and that observed isotopic dilution and/or enrichment patterns were influenced by site‐specific physical and chemical factors. 2. Increases in δ15N relative to spawned egg masses were observed in immediate posthatch (emergent) YOY and attributed to enrichment associated with the assimilation of yolk during embryonic development. 3. Posthatch dilution of YOY δ15N signatures associated with ontogenetic dietary shifts from yolk to exogenous feeding and zooplanktivory to benthivory occurred at all sites and was associated at most sites with a concomitant increase in δ13C. 4. The rate and pattern of δ15N dilution and δ13C enrichment observed for the study populations varied between and within sites and depended on maternal trophic status and timing of ontogenetic dietary shifts, as determined by prey availability and site‐specific biogeochemical factors. 5. Comparisons of isotopic dilution patterns among species, using results from this study and literature‐derived values, indicated that dilution rates and patterns are species dependent and may vary in relation to key life‐history events. 6. Seasonal and spatial isotopic variability among populations and between species complicates field sampling. In particular, the connectivity to site‐specific conditions found here suggests that for locally resident juvenile fishes, spatial, as well as temporal variability must be included in isotopic sampling programmes designed to characterise littoral zone foodweb relationships.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".