Response of dry bean to pendimethalin applied preplant incorporated or preemergence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is little information on the tolerance of dry bean to pendimethalin applied preplant incorporated (PPI) or preemergence (PRE). Five field studies were conducted over a two-year period (2009 and 2010) in major dry bean growing areas in Ontario, Canada to evaluate tolerance of black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean to the pendimethalin applied PPI or PRE at 1080 and 2160 g ai ha-1. There was minimal injury in various market classes of dry bean with pendimethalin applied PPI or PRE at 1080 or 2160 g ai ha-1 1 and 2 weeks after emergence (WAE). However, pendimethalin applied PRE caused slightly greater injury than pendimethalin applied PPI at 4 WAE. Pendimethalin applied PPI or PRE at 1080 or 2160 g ai ha-1 had no adverse effect on height of black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean except with pendimethalin at 2160 g ai ha-1 which decreased plant height 2% at Exeter and Ridgetown in 2009 and 2010. Pendimethalin applied PPI or PRE at 1080 or 2160 g ai ha-1 had no adverse effect on shoot dry weight of black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean. Yield of black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean was not adversely affected with pendimethalin applied PPI or PRE at 1080 or 2160 g ai ha-1 but there were differences between seed yield of various market classes of dry bean. Based on these results, there is an adequate margin of crop safety for pendimethalin applied PPI or PRE at the proposed rate of 1080 g ai ha-1 in black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean in Ontario. Key words: Black bean, cranberry bean, kidney bean, navy bean, pendimethalin, Phaseolus vulgaris L., white bean.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".