Flow Reattachment Using Synthetic Jet Actuation on a Low-Reynolds-Number Airfoil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wind-tunnel experiments are used to study the effect of momentum coefficient and excitation frequency on flow separation using synthetic jet actuation. Experiments are conducted on a NACA 0025 airfoil at a chord-based Reynolds number of 100,000 and angle of attack of 10 deg. The actuator is located near the leading edge, downstream of the mean separation location. High-frequency excitation is able to reattach the flow and eliminate the large-scale vortex shedding in the wake, leading to a decrease in drag of approximately 45%. Low-frequency excitation is employed to target the instabilities associated with the separated shear layer and vortex shedding in the wake. Excitation of the wake instability also causes the flow to reattach; however, it leads to organization of the large-scale vortex shedding. By forcing the boundary layer at the frequency of the shear-layer instability, the threshold momentum required to reattach the flow is an order of magnitude smaller as compared with high-frequency excitation, and the large-scale vortex shedding is suppressed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".