CYP26 Enzymes Are Necessary Within the Postnatal Seminiferous Epithelium for Normal Murine Spermatogenesis1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The active metabolite of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA), is known to be essential for spermatogenesis. Changes to RA levels within the seminiferous epithelium can alter the development of male germ cells, including blocking their differentiation completely. Excess RA has been shown to cause germ cell death in both neonatal and adult animals, yet the cells capable of degrading RA within the testis have yet to be investigated. One previous study alluded to a requirement for one of the RA degrading enzymes, CYP26B1, in Sertoli cells but no data exist to determine whether germ cells possess the ability to degrade RA. To bridge this gap, the roles of CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 within the seminiferous epithelium were investigated by creating single and dual conditional knockouts of these enzymes in either Sertoli or germ cells. Analysis of these knockout models revealed that deletion of both Cyp26a1 and Cyp26b1 in either cell type resulted in increased vacuolization within the seminiferous tubules, delayed spermatid release, and an increase in the number of STRA8-positive spermatogonia, but spermatozoa were still produced and the animals were found to be fertile. However, elimination of CYP26B1 activity within both germ and Sertoli cells resulted in severe male subfertility, with a loss of advanced germ cells from the seminiferous epithelium. These data indicate that CYP26 activity within either Sertoli or germ cells is essential for the normal progression of spermatogenesis and that its loss can result in reduced male fertility.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".