Evidence for multiple group 1 late embryogenesis abundant proteins in encysted embryos of Artemia and their organelles
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The presence of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins in plants and animals has been linked to their ability to tolerate a variety of environmental stresses. Among animals, encysted embryos of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana are among the most stress resistant eukaryotes, and for that reason it is considered to be an extremophile. The study presented here demonstrates that these embryos contain multiple group 1 LEA proteins with masses of 21, 19, 15.5 and 13 kDa. The LEA proteins first appear in diapause-destined embryos, beginning at ∼4 days post-fertilization, but not in nauplii-destined embryos. After resumption of embryonic development, the LEA proteins decline slowly in the desiccation resistant encysted stages, then disappear rapidly as the embryo emerges from its shell. LEA proteins are absent in fully emerged embryos, larvae and adults. They are abundant in mitochondria of encysted embryos, but barely detectable in nuclei and absent from yolk platelets. LEA proteins were also detected in dormant embryos of six other species of Artemia from hypersaline environments around the world. This study enhances our knowledge of the group 1 LEA proteins in stress tolerant crustacean embryos.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it