Immune responses to abacavir in antigen-presenting cells from hypersensitive patients
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: A potentially life-threatening hypersensitive reaction accompanies the use of HIV nucleoside analogue abacavir (ABC) in 4-8% of Caucasian individuals. HLA-B*5701 and Hsp70 493T alleles have been shown to predict susceptibility to this hypersensitivity. DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was undertaken to provide a mechanistic understanding of the highly significant genetic association of HLA Class I and Hsp70 alleles with ABC hypersensitivity. RESULTS: In this study an ABC-induced localization of intracellular HSP70 to endosomal vesicles of antigen-presenting cells was demonstrated. This ABC-stimulated redistribution of endogenous HSP70 was substantially higher in the genetically homogenous HLA-B*5701, Hsp70 493T ABC-hypersensitive individuals and ABC-naive individuals in comparison with the heterogeneous tolerant patients (P = 0.023). Increased expression of HSP70 was also detected in the hypersensitive group as measured by flow cytometry (P = 0.032). Blocking of HSP70 and HSP70 cell surface receptors CD14 and TLR2 abrogated ABC-stimulated HSP70 redistribution in sensitized individuals to basal levels (P < 0.004). In addition, the use of TcRalphabeta and HLA-B57/58 antibodies also ablated the expression of HSP70. Cells expressing the activation markers CD40 were increased after ABC stimulation in the hypersensitive patients (P = 0.006). ABC-stimulated interferon-gamma levels were higher in hypersensitive patients in comparison with ABC-tolerant individuals with a mean of 123.54 versus 0 pg/ml (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The present data indicates that ABC stimulates an innate immune response and activates antigen-presenting cells via the endogenous HSP70-mediated Toll-like receptor pathway in genetically susceptible individuals potentially initiating the immuno-pathological hypersensitive response.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it