Reduction of Alkali-Labile Phosphates in Mussels Exposed to Primary-Treated Wastewaters Undergoing Ozone and Ultraviolet Disinfection: A Pilot Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the estrogenic potential of a primary municipal effluent, undergoing ozone or ultraviolet disinfection, in Elliptio complanata mussels. Mussels were exposed for seven weeks, using a continuous flowthrough system, to a primary effluent from a major city before and after disinfection. Results showed that the effluents, regardless of the disinfection procedure, readily affected gametogenesis in mussels as determined by gonado-somatic index, and by DNA synthesis as determined by the activity of aspartate transcarbamoylase activity, a rate-limiting enzyme for pyrimidine synthesis. The estrogenic potential of the effluents was observed by the increased levels of alkali-labile phosphate, a generic measure for vitellogenin-like proteins, where the disinfection procedures did not completely remove the estrogenic effects of the primary effluent. Thus, the introduction of an ozone or ultraviolet disinfection step to a primary-treated effluent will likely diminish the estrogenic potential, but not entirely.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".