Antibiograms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which Colonize the Conjunctiva of HIV/AIDS Patients in Relation to their CD4 Counts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One hundred (100) conjunctival swabs were collected from Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)-confirmed HIV/AIDS seropositive patients who were referred to the HIV/AIDS laboratory of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria for routine CD4 count check. Swabs were bacteriologically processed and bacterial strains obtained from CD4 count groups were subjected to invitro antibiotic testing by disc diffusion technique in relation to their CD4 groups. Thirty four (34.0%) patients had CD4 counts within group 1 (<500 cells/µl), 36(36.0%) in group 2 (200 cells/ µl) and 30(30.0%) in group 3 (>200 cell/µl). While there was no bacterial growth after 48hrs incubation recorded for group 1, only 5(13.9%) samples yielded growth of Staphylococcus aureus for group 2 with 31(86.1%) yielding no bacterial growth. All group 3 samples yielded profuse growth of which 11(36.7%) yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 19(63.3%) yielded Staph aureus. Staphylococcus. aureus strains isolated from the 19(63.3%) group 3 samples showed invitro sensitivity reactions to ten antibiotics as follows: zinnat (57.9%) pefloxacine (55.3%), rocephine (51.3%) and gentamycin (50.0%). The others recorded less than 50% sensitivity. Multiple resistance to 6(60%) of antibiotics used was shown by 6(31.6%) out of the 19 strains. The antibiogram of the 11(36.7%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains showed ciprofloxacin (52.3%) and gentamycin (50.0%) reaction. The remaining eight recorded less than 50% sensitivity of which, 4(36.4%) P. aeruginosa strains showed multiple resistance to 50% of antibiotics used. The 5(13.9%) group 2 Staph. aureus strains showed invitro antibiotic susceptibility reactions as follows: pefloxacine (65.0%), gentamycin (60.0%), rocephine (55.0%), ciprofloxacin (55.0%) and streptomycin (50.0%). Others recorded less than 50% reaction and none of the strains in this group recorded multiple resistances. Unpaired t-test analysis showed that whereas the differences in susceptibilities of both organisms to ofloxacine, pefloxacine, gentamycin, ampicillin, zinnat, rocephine, ciprofloxacin and sperfloxacin were insignificant (P>0.05), differences in susceptibilities to streptomycin was highly significant (P<0.01) and significant to augmentin (P<0.05).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".