Effects of Early and Late Intervention with Epoetin α on Left Ventricular Mass among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (Stage 3 or 4)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is not known whether prevention of anemia among patients with chronic kidney disease would affect the development or progression of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. A randomized controlled trial was performed with 155 patients with chronic kidney disease (creatinine clearance, 15 to 50 ml/min), with entry hemoglobin concentrations ([Hb]) of 110 to 120 g/L (female patients) or 110 to 130 g/L (male patients). Patients were monitored for 2 yr or until they required dialysis; the patients were randomized to receive epoetin alpha as necessary to maintain [Hb] between 120 and 130 g/L (group A) or between 90 and 100 g/L (group B). [Hb] increased for group A (from 112 +/- 9 to 121 +/- 14 g/L, mean +/- SD) and decreased for group B (from 112 +/- 8 to 108 +/- 13 g/L) (P < 0.001, group A versus group B). On an intent-to-treat analysis, the changes in LV mass index for the groups during the 2-yr period were not significantly different (2.5 +/- 20 g/m(2) for group A versus 4.5 +/- 20 g/m(2) for group B, P = NS). There was no significant difference between the groups in 2-yr mean unadjusted systolic BP (141 +/- 14 versus 138 +/- 13 mmHg) or diastolic BP (80 +/- 6 versus 79 +/- 7 mmHg). The decline in renal function in 2 yr, as assessed with nuclear estimations of GFR, also did not differ significantly between the groups (8 +/- 9 versus 6 +/- 8 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)). In conclusion, maintenance of [Hb] above 120 g/L, compared with 90 to 100 g/L, had similar effects on the LV mass index and did not clearly affect the development or progression of LV hypertrophy. The maintenance of [Hb] above 100 g/L for many patients in group B might have been attributable to the relative preservation of renal function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".