Bibliographic record
Abstract
Charlotte Bronte’s novel, Shirley, is a novel of displacements. Even the novel’s title is an indication of the novel’s penchant for displacement since the title character, Shirley Keeldar, does not appear until the end of Volume I, long after readers’ sympathies are attached to Caroline Helstone. Within the text, the displacements happen on three levels, two of which have already been explored by scholars. Terry Eagleton explores the first level of displacement in Myths of Power: A Marxist Study of the Brontes, showing how Bronte displaces the contemporary events of the 1848 Chartist Rebellion onto the earlier Luddite Rebellion of 1811–1812. Eagleton contends, “there can be no doubt that Chartism is the unspoken subject of Shirley” (45). In the second level of displacement, Shirley’s overt concern with class conflict hides Bronte’s primary concern with gender issues. Feminist critics, such as Susan Gubar and Juliet Barker, have explored how Shirley’s class issues cover for Bronte’s protest against conditions for women. Gubar notes, “this book about the ‘woman question’ uses the workers’ wrath to enact the women’s revenge against the lives of enforced emptiness, of starvation” (233). Barker agrees that “the whole story [Shirley] was an exploration of the ‘Woman Question’” in light of Bronte’s omission of the “question of the rights and sufferings of mill workers” (603).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.021 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".